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Emmer outlines another radical idea for limiting federal power

Rep. Tom Emmer
MinnPost/Terry Gydesen
Rep. Tom Emmer

Tom Emmer did call your humble and obedient ink-stained wretch Monday afternoon, for which he definitely deserves credit since there have been several posts in this space recently that were rough on him, including one yesterday about his support for a state constitutional amendment that would block most federal laws from taking effect in Minnesota.

The Repub guv candidate ran out of time before we could fully explore his ideas for bending the curve in the area of federal power over states. It’s definitely an area about which he’s worked up, and if he becomes governor, he will push the envelope. I had hoped to ask him whether he believed his ideas for asserting state power to block the application of federal laws and mandates in Minnesota can possibly be constitutional. But the best I got on that was,

Emmer: “I don’t know if it’s constitutional; I think its worthy of discussion.”

Earlier in the day yesterday, I had learned about a second measure that Emmer supports that also, like the one covered in yesterday’s post, would raise serious issues of constitutionality and practicality.  This one would also set up a mechanism by which Minnesota could block federal laws and mandates from taking effect in Minnesota. And it turned out that this was the one Emmer wanted to talk about, and which he had in mind when he made the arguments he made on the Strib's Sunday op-ed page.

OK, to cut to the chase: Emmer downplayed his involvement in House File 3738, which was the topic of yesterday’s post. He was just a co-sponsor but his colleague, state Rep. Steve Drazkowski of Mazeppa, Minn., is the chief author. Emmer said the idea “has merit.” But he seemed much more invested in House File 3012, of which Emmer is the chief author. Here’s how HF 3012 would work:

Any time the federal government imposes a new “mandate” on the states, Minnesota’s governor and the speaker of the House and the majority leader of the state Senate would be asked to consider whether they believed the federal government had the proper authority to impose that mandate.

If all three agree that “that the United States Constitution provides explicit authority for the federal mandate,” it can take effect in Minnesota, but if any one of the three determines that the feds have exceeded their power, the mandate will not take effect unless the same mandate is voted into law by the Minnesota Legislature.

This idea is a bit different in scope and in mechanism from the proposed state constitutional amendment authored by Drazkowski (and co-sponsored by Emmer). But it is quite similar in its underlying purpose and in the likelihood that it would be ruled an unconstitutional violation of the U.S. Constitution’s Supremacy Clause. The Supremacy Clause says that state laws and constitutions are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution and to the federal laws enacted under its authority.

Ah, but that’s exactly the problem, as Emmer sees it. The feds have long since gotten into the habit of enacting laws and issuing mandates that exceed the closely limited authority bestowed upon the national government by the Constitution. Said Emmer yesterday:

“The federal government has gone way beyond its constitutional authority. And frankly we need to put some balance back into it... The state is literally being force-fed laws that go beyond the authority of the federal government... What’s good for Minnesota may not be good for all states and vice versa... A one-size-fits-all blanket approach is not best for everyone...In order to have a strong union, I believe you have to have strong states.”

I said to Rep. Emmer, as I said in yesterday’s post, that the radical nature of both of his bills, and the reasons they would almost certainly be struck down as unconstitutional, is that they substitute rulings by state officials for the established mechanism for ascertaining whether a federal law exceeds the constitutional power of the federal government. That method is to file a federal lawsuit and ask the courts, ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court, to decide whether the federal action is constitutional or un.

Replied Emmer (and these sentences are drawn from a few paragraphs of Emmer response to my there-is-already-a-mechanism assertion):

“That is the preferred mechanism by some. That is usually federal-leaning constitutionalists. I’m not saying that’s inappropriate. I’m just saying that the states shouldn’t be waiting [for the courts to decide].

“So while I appreciate that some might say that is the mechanism, well, that is one of the mechanisms. I think if you’re going to talk about a constitutional legal question. I’m taking about taking it from whether or not the authority is there in the first place. [Meaning the constitutional authority for the federal government to legislate in a particular area]. The state certainly does have the right to determine that at the state level, I believe, under our existing constitution.

"If you’re saying that [leaving it for the federal courts to decide whether Congress has exceeded its authority] has been the practice, I won’t disagree with that. Just because that has been the practice that doesn’t mean that we’re not supposed to be looking at these issues on a regular basis. We’ve gotta reset the table [on this issue].

"If the federal government can pass laws effective over all 50 states, why do we even have state constitutions?”

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Comments (38)

The Constitutionally appropriate way of doing this is to call a Constitutional Convention. It's only been done once, but the product of that event was the Bill of Rights.

The process for doing so is spelled out in Article V. It's pretty clear to me how it should be done.

All this other talk is just pure BS and should be called as such, IMHO.

Only a megalomaniac could produce this argument. Federal constitutionalists? This an argument for a parallel government pure and simple. The reason it's the product of a megalomaniac mind is it declares that one does not have to recognize any decision or ruling one doesn't like. There's no room for reasonable people to actually debate whether or not the federal government has overstepped the constitution, it breaks to ideologies. Constitutional Conservatives believe in one constitution, and everyone else believes in a different one. This kind of scriptural treatment of the constitution is the stuff civil wars are made of.

Emmer seems to ignore the fact that US Representatives, Senators, and the President all have taken an oath to support the Constitution. Therefore, any federal law that has passed by a majority of each house and signed by the President is presumptively constitutional -- otherwise they wouldn't have enacted it -- and remains such until a court rules otherwise. There is absolutely no basis under the Constitutionan to believe that a federal statute enacted by Congress and signed the President also needs the consent of a state governor and a couple of legislators before it can go into effect.

It is ironic that Emmer, who is complaining about federal legislation (some of which may raise fair grounds for disagreement as to its constitutionality) has proposed a blatently and unquestionably non-constitutional mechanism to get his way.

Does the public really understand how far-our and nutty this guy really is? I hope your posts help to get that word out.

I'd like Emmer to firm up his thinking on this but if you listen, I think he's mainly trying to create a more streamlined system to push back against federal overreach. Which makes some sense and there is a certainly a case to be made for it. It would be supremely nice if he'd maybe take some time and offer something concrete that isn't unconstitutional, impractical and/or radical.
A quick note to those who will almost certainly kick back against the very idea that federal action can ever overreach or that states should be concerned about laws that our thoughtful pols in Washington have given us. Please, never again complain about 'unfunded mandates' or such things as No Child Left Behind. Thanks in advance!

Now Paul,

"megalomaniac"? What ever happened to "rational minds locked in debate"?

Any assertion that to question whether the federal government has exceeded the limited authority granted it in the constitution is an attempt to overthrow that very constitution seems irrational at best, and fear-mongering at worst.

Why not stick to the actual facts on the ground?

"If the federal government can pass laws effective over all 50 states, why do we even have state constitutions?”

If states can just decide what laws to follow, why do we even have a United States Constitution?

The Supreme Court seems to have taken a pretty strict view of this in 1982 (and 1941):
"Of course, a state statute is void to the extent that it actually conflicts with a valid federal statute; and...where the state 'law stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress.'"

Well, wouldn't just seceding from the union solve all these pesky constitutional questions. As a bonus we wouldn't have to pay federal taxes and with state taxes reduced to zero we could be living in a business climate utopia.

Understanding Emmer is a little like unpeeling an onion -- the more that is stripped away, the more reasons you find to object to him.

I guess (especially as an attorney) he now wants to create confusion with the separation of powers, by letting the legislature(s) and governor(s) of states start objecting to any or all new laws, on constitutional grounds. There are plenty of mechanisms NOW in place, in our various levels of government, to assure the constitutionality of laws; but to let governors and legislatures of varous states start objecting to any law or mandate they may object to, could cause choas in the governance of our state, and nation. At the very least, it has the potential to inundate SCOTUS with a myriad of frivolous cases. Indeed, and ironically, this idea in itself, is probably unconstituinal.

Given that, what we have here is another BAD idea from the right, and one almost certainly designed to curry favor with the fringe right base; and one is almost certain to evaporate on its own lack of merit.

Doesn't anyone here have a small tract of land in Idaho they can sell to Emmer and his followers so they can start their own little society?

So the other party (duly elected) controls the federal branches of gov't, so let's see if we can ignore them? Despite the fact the majority of Minnesotans elected these people? How would you feel if the Feds decided they should pre-empt everything T-Paw's done?

Doesn't this fall under the adage. "If your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail".

If your only tool is a law degree, every problem gets settled with a lawsuit. Emmer has been a plaintiff or defendant in court more times than anyone I know.

Sigh.

Whatever law school granted Tom Emmer his law degree seems clearly to have been remarkably ineffective in its instruction.

The latest proposal, as Paul Udstrand suggests above, is an argument for a parallel government. It's unconstitutional on its face, and, as Paul says, it's largely a response to law(s) that Mr. Emmer and his supporters don't happen to like.

Apparently, he believes these laws were created by some alien, extraterrestrial force, rather than by fellow citizens who – difficult as this might be for Emmer and his supporters to believe – don't agree with his viewpoint. Even more distressing to the radical fringe, the people who don’t agree with that viewpoint are in the majority, and the whole framework of American society is based on majority rule. We have civil rights laws to try to ensure that minorities are not trampled by what is called, correctly, I think, the "tyranny of the majority," but nonetheless, majority rule is the law of the land.

If laws can be ignored because you don’t like them, modern society, the work of millions of people over many centuries, collapses, and we’re back to deciding issues at knifepoint, or by who is bigger and stronger and more vicious.

“…The states shouldn’t be waiting for the courts to decide…”? That’s what courts are for, Mr. Emmer – to decide questions of legal interpretation and constitutionality. This most recent proposal, even more blatantly than the earlier proposal from which he appears to be backing away now, disqualifies Mr. Emmer from holding statewide office.

Mr. Emmer is either so completely ignorant of the U.S. Constitution that he should probably be disbarred, or – as seems more likely – he’s cynically advancing “straw man” arguments that will fire up his Ayn Rand-worshipping supporters, but ultimately leave them disappointed because the answer to his last question is twofold:

“If the federal government can pass laws effective over all 50 states, why do we even have state constitutions?”

1. The very same 10th Amendment that Mr. Emmer and his supporter keep pointing to.

2. More than two centuries of legal precedent – the importance of which even an incompetent lawyer should be aware.

Because there's a good deal of redundancy in the 50 state constitutions, there's a veneer of plausibility to Emmer's not-very-serious rhetorical question, but each state, when established, had its own unique social and economic conditions, and felt the need for its own constitution – following the example of the original 13, as some of them did in establishing their legal codes.

Mr Emmer's proposal seems simple: The subject of a federal law (the state) decides whether there is a legal basis for that law, and therefore whether it should be complied with. The direct analogy is the person who believes that the federal income tax is without authority and therefore refuses to pay his taxes. That person could be right philosophically, or even legally, and he has the right to risk the consequences of his course of action. However, a governor is not judging risks to himself, he is judging risks to all of the people for whom he acts in trust, and in that respect Mr Emmer's suggestion is profoundly reckless. Those on the left object deeply to much or most of what Congress does in our name and many of us would be happy to just proclaim that the federal power is invalid and we can ignore it. But the answer is to go to court and have the action declared illegal, or to try to force our representatives to act on our behalf. The third alternative, declaring that the federal government lacks authority, is, again, just pushing the country further toward ungovernability and breakdown.

Somehow, whenever the name Emmer appears I see Emperor.

There is that incredibly wonderful Pogo quote, which is so appropriate for Emmer's view of government:

"We have met the enemy...and it is US!"

I have long wondered about Emmer's mental health and this crackpot idea proves my concerns are well-founded I'm afraid. Often when I watched Emmer ranting on the House floor, I wondered if he had some type of structural brain abnormality that caused his irrational behavior.

Of more concern to me are the Republicans who have lined up to support Emmer. They include Laura Brod, Carol Collapsing Bridge Molnau, Brian Sullivan, Rod Grams, etc. What cast of characters.

"There's no room for reasonable people to actually debate whether or not the federal government has overstepped the constitution.."

How you came by the confidence to decide you are in any way qualified to decide what reasonable people can and cannot do, is anybody's guess. Suffice it to say that I disagree.

Reasonable people of all ideological persuasions agree that the federal government has overstepped its mandate; the specific cases will differ, but the conclusion is the same.

Tom Emmer is providing a platform to open a much needed discussion on the role we have allowed government to take in our everyday lives. Why the prospect of such a discussion instills such terror in leftists I do not understand.

I say let Emmer try to pass this resolution. If it happens, I'll be the first one to petition Hennepin County and the City of Minneapolis to enact the EXACT same legislation, so we can opt out of this crap. If the state can ignore the feds, then local government can just as easily ignore the state.

After reading through his litany of lawsuits, megalomania sounds about right.

Lets' hope Governor Emmer grants counties and other municipalities the same mechanism for dealing with "unfair" State mandates. In order to have a strong state I believe you need 87 strong counties.

The Star Trib today has a story about Emmer and his business dealings. Sounds like he likes to unilaterally decide what a fair cost for services is whether providing or receiving, and if you don't like it, you have to sue him. He's been involved in more lawsuits in the last 10 years than every neighbor and person I know in my personal life total. Sounds like his arrogance and self righteousness would be beyond adequate description.

As an attorney myself, I find Mr. Emmer's disclaimer of an opinion on the constitionality of HF 3738 "disengenuous at best" ( a phrase often used in legal briefs to call someone a liar without saying so directly). Of course, he can hardly admit the problems with the bill he co-sponsored when his own bill, is identically deficient.

A few questions for your next discussion with Mr. Emmer:

1. How many of the cases which you have handled have involved constitutional issues?

2. Why are three politicians better equipped to rule on the constitutionality than a district court judge, an intermediate appellate court and a supreme court(state or federal)?

3. What is the potential economic impact on the state when it is sued by those who would have benefitted from enforcement of the federal law in question?

Mr. Schoch asked where Mr. Emmer got his degree. From hi website:

"Tom was born in 1961 in South Bend, IN as his father finished his degree at Notre Dame. He grew up in Edina and went to St. Thomas Military Academy where he grew in his faith and learned leadership through the JROTC.

And he played hockey. Lots of hockey. As a college hockey player, he received his BA in Political Science from the University of Alaska-Fairbanks in 1984. He received his Juris Doctor from William Mitchell College of Law in 1988."

As a WM grad who probably took constitutional law from the same instructors as Mr. Emmer, I'm pretty certain he learned the basics. But remember, he's campaigning at the moment. The fact that something is not doable is no reason not to use it to push voters' buttons.

Those interested in looking up Mr. Emmer's own litigation history (as a party or an attorney) can do so here:

http://pa.courts.state.mn.us/default.aspx

I got a speeding ticket the other day on 35w. The dumb cop refused to grasp the simple idea that I had opted out of obedience to the speed limit on federal highways because I believe that I can safely travel at a much higher speed. I'd fight it in court but I've opted out of obedience to certain state laws as well that I feel infringe on my freedom of movement. To compel me to be at a certain place (court) at a certain time and date is clearly unconstitutional.

Alexander Hamilton wrote in Federalist # 1 about this very issue: "whether societies of men are capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force."

The 55 delegates wrote the world's greatest living document, actually derived from many state constitutions, but uniquely created a strong central government, subject to a balance of powers: executive, legislative, and judicial.

The biggest problem we have today is that the average high school student would get lost in comprehending Federalist # 1. If the Democrats and Republicans really want to enlighten their constituents, they should engage in an ongoing debate on how the Federalist Papers elucidate their programs.

I agree with many of the comments that point out the unconstitutionality of what Emmer proposes. However, I think Emmer's comments offer helpful insight into his temperament. Reading his latest proposal reminds of some arguments I have with my 7 year old son. I tell him to do something, he objects, I reassert my authority to let him know he must do what I tell him to do and, after a few rounds, in frustration, he threatens to run away from home. It's a nonsense threat, but one that symbolizes the way children try to assert some semblance of power over their lives.

Emmer expresses the same frustrated emotional immaturity. There certainly may be reasons to object to federal legislation. And there may be (and history has proven have been) times when the federal government oversteps its bounds. But we have a legal process in place to resolve these disputes -- one that Emmer, as a member of the bar, has sworn to uphold.

Emmer certainly is free to have his own opinion on how to deal with the question of federal overstepping. But, as governor, he has responsibility for the state, not just himself. He can either act like a grown-up or revert to the adolescent tantrum his proposal represents.

Would Emmer, as governor, allow local units of government to decide whether they would like to follow state laws he and legislators have passed?

I'm sure many city councils, county boards, and school districts would like to opt out of state laws they disagree with. I mean they could be found unconstitutional at some point.

Hey, maybe we could push it down another level and even citizens could do this. Everyone could decide which laws they want to follow.

Sounds like an interesting world. . . .

//I'd like Emmer to firm up his thinking on this but if you listen, I think he's mainly trying to create a more streamlined system to push back against federal overreach.

There would nothing "streamlined" about this process at all, two systems of nullification are never simpler one. Emmer says he recognizes the authority of the supreme court process, but he want's to establish a mechanism why which he can ignore it, so what then? What happens when the court declares a given law constitutional and one of the branches of a state government decides the same law is unconstitutional? This a recipe for endless conflict both in the courts and possibly in the real world. This wouldn't an academic dispute, at some point really important things would come into play. Let's say some state decides opt out of federal laws governing water rights and distribution, the feds respond by withholding farm subsidies. The state then retaliates by banning interstate traffic. This is a streamlined process? This is recipe for civil war, literally.

This has nothing to do with streamlining anything, this is about constructing a parallel government that can pick and choose which federal laws it will apply. It's about creating a place where right wing ideology doesn't have to worry about being trumped by the constitution.

John says//Any assertion that to question whether the federal government has exceeded the limited authority granted it in the constitution is an attempt to overthrow that very constitution seems irrational at best, and fear-mongering at worst.

Because I actually think it's important to recognize megalomania in politicians and other people seeking power I'll respond to this. Emmer isn't simply questioning federal authority, he's designing an unconstitutional system to ignore federal authority. You people act like like no one ever questions federal authority or debates the constitutionality of laws, in fact we do this all the time. We have a process for constitutional challenges that has been working for over 200 years. Emmer's proposal nullifies that process, so yes, he is seeking to overthrow the constitution. If that frightens you so be it.

Mr. Swift//Reasonable people of all ideological persuasions agree that the federal government has overstepped its mandate; the specific cases will differ, but the conclusion is the same.

I don't usually read let alone respond to Mr. Swifts comments but this one actually illustrates my point about megalomania. Yes reasonable people can disagree, but normal people understand that being a citizen or a member of a community, (especially in the United States) means accepting the legitimacy of law. We can argue, but sometimes you lose the argument and you have to live accordingly. Only megalomaniacs think they ought to be able to ignore laws they don't agree with. We have a process whereby reasonable people settle their disagreements, Emmer isn't trying to participate in that process, he wants to set it aside in favor one that he thinks will be more beneficial to his ideology. There's nothing reasonable about this, it's an invitation to political conflict in lieu of electoral politics.

You want to argue about some law fine, let's argue, but you may lose the argument. And if you lose that argument in court, once the appeals have been exhausted, you're stuck with the ruling, even if you disagree with it. That's what living in a nation of laws means. The last time someone tried Emmer's idea of taking their marbles and playing somewhere else we had four years of bloody civil war.

This is why this constitutional conservative stuff is such a sham. It has nothing to with respecting the constitution, it's all about reshaping the constitution according to ideological demands. All I can say if you think a bunch of megalomaniacs are going deliver unto you more freedoms and liberty at the end of the day... you're not the first ones to make that mistake.

We may be entering the territory where we can expect to hear something about Emmer and a hot tub.

I think I have this figured out.

Emmer is an Attorney, right?

All this conflict that would be created, is really about a jobs bill. Full employment for Attorneys :>)

Emmer, like many ideologues, hates democracy. Under his proposal, a small group of politicians in St. Paul, who only one third of Minnesotan's even had the opportunity to vote for, could veto federal laws. This is supposed to "give Minnesotan's a voice". Its really about giving his extremist minority more control.

Lets be clear, if Emmer is seriously concerned about restraining federal power, this is a completely unrealistic and inept proposal for doing so.

If he really understood his own proposal, he would blanch at the prospect of the Minneapolis legislative delegation deciding what federal laws will apply in Minnesota. There would be a long list on both ideological sides that would find one third of either the state house or senate who opposed them. Labor would probably achieve its fondest wish of getting rid of Taft-Hartley. And the libertarians could abolish Social Security in Minnesota.

As far as I can tell from driving around the government is doing a lot lately to fulfill the Cleanwater act i.e. lager and better plans for stormwater runoff etc. etc. Perhaps there should be a Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri group opposing Emmer for governor.

This is also typical Republican crises politics. Create a crisis and hope you can exploit the resulting environment of fear and hysteria. They recognize no substantive issues because they're not interested in governing, and they have no ideas, so they make this stuff up. Remember when Mark Kennedy tried to make the line item veto a campaign issue a while back? Ten years after the courts ruled it was unconstitutional on the federal level. The guy wasn't even running for president and he was arguing for a line item veto for the president. He was a lawyer to.

Keep at it, folks!

Just the kind of outcry that Emmer is looking for.

Wonderful!

to John E Iacono: I fail to see how this outcry helps Mr. Emmer's position. If many folks feel he is proposing something that can't possibly work or be constitutional, whether he does it out of personal passion or scheming manipulation, how does he profit? He IS a scary candidate. His best bet, however, is that his opponents are uncharismatic or unknown. Minnesota deserves better than all of them.

Basically some Republicans are tired of being trumped by the constitution, so they wrap themselves in the flag and try to dismantle it under the guise of defending it. We've seen this before. If they're wrapped in a flag and carrying a Bible... look out.

Scott:

It's called free publicity, which an unopposed candidate can always use to keep his name before the public.

And it's only bad publicity to those who turn people off with outrage, and exaggerated opposition.

And have you noticed? They have now dropped the barrage about "which cuts will you make?"

Perhaps IP candidate Tom Horner will benefit from Rep. Emmer's tea party conservatism, as GOP party moderates begin to take a closer look at the presumptive GOP nominee.

John -- agreed.

You know it's kinda interesting. If you look at John I. is saying, and I'm sure John will correct me I'm misinterpreting this- basically he's suggesting that Emmer may not actually intend to champion this idea of his, he's just using it tactically to divert interest from his vague "cut proposals" and generate any publicity he can get, even if it's bad.

Well if that's true, what does that tell you about Emmer's integrity? Is there anything he's not willing to do to gain a tactical political advantage? And how are voters to know what his real positions are, or what his real agenda is, if he's merely generating noise for effect?

What kind of governor can someone who's willing to win elections this possibly be? isn't this a prescription for an incoherent political system based on theatrics rather than policy debate?

Meanwhile, one cannot assume that bad publicity is good publicity, and Emmer's problem with his non-plan to govern isn't going to disappear that easily. The issue of his actually proposals or lack thereof will return. If the Democrats are smart, they'll engage him on these whacky proposals and hang on like pit bulls. Emmer won't back down, he can be lured into a fight, and the more he either tries to defend these, or evade ideas like secession, the more he'll be exposed a megalomaniac. I just hope the Democrats produce a decent candidate that's got some the guts and tenacity to go toe to toe with this guy.