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Harsher penalties passed by the Legislature for crimes like drunk driving, drug possession and sex offenses contributed significantly to the incarceration boom that’s pushed Minnesota’s prison population over capacity, according to data given to lawmakers Wednesday.
A 2001 law creating a felony-level DWI charge for certain offenders with histories of driving under impairment had the biggest impact, requiring 683 beds in Minnesota prisons, according to the data collected by the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Commission, which studies trends and develops uniform punishment guidelines for criminal offenses. Measures enhancing penalties for assault, stalking and other violations, passed in 2006 and 2007, created the need for another 411 beds.
Nate Reitz, executive director of the commission, presented these data to a new task force designed to address Minnesota’s prison overpopulation problem in advance of the 2016 legislative session.
As MinnPost first reported in June, from 2000 to 2013, the state’s prison population jumped from 6,200 to more than 9,450. Calculated as a rate — the number of inmates per 100,000 resident — that’s a 42 percent increase.
Collectively, about a dozen of these penalty enhancements have taken up almost 3,000 beds — just about the state’s entire prison population circa 1990. Here are the estimates Reitz brought to the task force yesterday (based on 2014 inmate data unless otherwise noted):
| Year(s) Passed | Law Change | Estimated Prison Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 1992; 97-98 | Drugs: Dropped weight threshold for 1st-, 2nd- and 3rd-degree offenses for cocaine, heroin and meth | 575 Beds |
| 1998 | Firearms: Increased minimum for possession by crime of violence/drug felon from 1.5 years to 5 years | 403 Beds |
| 2000 | Predatory Offender Registration Violation: Felony and mandatory prison sentence of 1 year; 2 years for subsequent | 234 Beds |
| 2000; 2002 | Criminal Sexual Conduct: Mandatory minimum of 12 years for 1st degree, 7.5 years for some 2nd degree | 596 Beds |
| 2001 | DWI: New felony | 638 beds (Actual inmate pop as of July 2015) |
| 2006, 2007 | Assault, stalking and protective-order violations: Enhanced charges, created Domestic Abuse No Contact Order | 411 beds |
| 2015 | Ammunition: Treated like firearm for 5-year minimum | 66 beds (Projection) |
Minnesota still has one of the lowest rates of imprisonment in the country, though Reitz noted at Wednesday’s meeting that the state recently fell out of the nation’s top-three lowest for the first time since 1979 (now we’re fourth). Nonetheless, as a result of the inmate spike, the Department of Corrections no longer has enough beds for its population, and more than 500 inmates are currently residing in county jails as a temporary solution.
The task force is considering a multitude of proposals to come up with a long-term fix. The DOC is asking the Legislature for $141.5 million to expand its Rush City facility to accommodate more beds. Officials in Swift County have proposed the state lease Prairie Correctional Facility, a private prison in Appleton, which closed in 2010 due to national prison cutbacks. Reopening the prison would cost between $6-$8 million per year to lease, plus operating and other costs, according to figures provided by the firm lobbying for the project.
The meeting came on the same day 130 of the nation’s top law enforcement officials, including Hennepin County Sheriff Rich Stanek, announced a new coalition with the goal of reducing incarceration rates across the country.
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Short term – long term
Short term, rent beds at the empty private prison in Appleton. The owner has no leverage – bring in your own union employees and only operate the beds you need. That gives you time to deal with the issue Realizing that this enables you to shift prison populations, shift all offenders from county jails and who came from Western Minnesota out there (to be close to friends and famiy) and also consider moving everyone in for low level marijuana and cocaine crimes, many who should have been in treatment in the first place Do the same for the Western Minnesota chronic DUI population.
Long term, legalize marijuana and only imprison those who sell or buy harder drugs. Heavily tax marijuana sales and use profits to improvement our system of judicial punishment. License growers from Minnesota to grow marijuana and legalize hemp for other use. With multple DUI, a more thoghtful approach is needed. With a total of three DUIs, it should become illegal for a person to sell, buy or consume alcohol. When they enter that point, they enter home confinement with freedom only to go to work and a twice a day breath test such as is being done in South Dakota. They should fear a braclet that only allows them to drive a car with a breath test, after ther right to drive is restored. Pay for treatment, but if they fail a certain number of times, transfer them to a locked mental health facility.
Minnesota and the US should only be using half the jail and prison beds currently in use, restricting those who commit crimes in new and innovative ways. And we need to be putting in a lot more work with juveniles who are already on the criminal career path, to get them moving in a different direction. Prevention is the key to a huge reduction in prison demand.
It is surprising…
…How often cost and infrastructure issues are divorced from legislation that will have an impact on both. This article should be required reading at the legislature. All we can do now is be reactive in the short term, but we do need to be smarter about how prisons are used and start thinking about outcomes that might be better with the alternatives to incarceration.